Global Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Alternative Testing Methods and 3Rs in Toxicology

Animal welfare and scientific advancement drive the development of non-animal testing methods. This session covers in vitro models, organ-on-chip systems, and computational toxicology. The 3Rs Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement guide ethical research design. Regulatory acceptance of alternative models is gaining ground globally. Validation processes and data reproducibility remain key challenges. Case examples highlight effective use of alternative assays in safety assessment. The future of toxicology is increasingly humane and innovative.